Bioantropologia na Annual Meeting of the Human Biologoly Association e AAPA 2016
Nos últimos dias 13 e 14 de Abril de 2016, na cidade de Atlanta, Estado da Geórgia, EUA, no Marriot Marquis Hotel, ocorreu a 41ª Annual Meeting of the Human Biology Association Meeting - HBA 2016 - Reunião Anual da Associação de Biologia Humana, um dos mais importantes eventos científicos Norte-Americanos na área da bioantropologia de caráter Internacional, que reuniu estudantes de diversas partes do mundo, entre eles, as Doutorandas Ariana Kelly L S da Silva e Ligia Filgueiras, ambas do Programa de Pós Graduação em Antropologia, Área de Concentração em Bioantropologia, que apresentaram dois pôsteres em sessões diferentes. O doutorando Santiago Wolney, da mesma área de atuação do PPGA/UFPA, participou da sessão de pôster da American Association of Physical Anthropology (Associação Americana de Antropologia Física) - AAPA 2016, no mesmo local, Atlanta (EUA), que iniciou também no dia 13, seguindo até o dia 16 de Abril, a mais destacada organização científica na área da Antropologia Física dos EUA.
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| Atlanta, EUA - Foto do site do evento |
A HBA 2016 abordou o tema "Supporting
& Disseminating Innovative Research & Teaching on Human Biological
Variation, Worldwide" (Apoiando e Disseminando a Pesquisa Inovadora e Ensino
sobre a Variação Biológica Humana, em Todo o Mundo), grande incentivo à produção de conhecimento sobre diversos temas ligados à Biologia Humana, como: evolução, crescimento, genética, ancestrais humanos, meio ambiente, ecologia, etc.
Foram distribuídos os prêmios Franz Boas Distinguished Achievement Award: Dr. Wenda Trevathan E. E. Hunt, Jr. Award Graduate Student: TBA Prêmio Spielvogel Hilde para Outstanding Presentation por um estudante de graduação: TBA, para estudantes e pesquisadores que tiveram destaque em seus trabalhos ao longo do ano passado.
As discentes Ariana Kelly e Ligia Filgueiras, cujos resumos tiveram Coautoria do Prof. Dr. Hilton P da Silva, levaram para a discussão na Sessão de Pôsteres os seguintes horários e temas:
Quarta-feira, 13 de Abril de 2016.
8:00 a.m.–11:00 a.m. Apresentação de
Pôster
Presidência: Amanda Thompson
Salão: Atrium Ballroom A/B – Marriot Marquis
Hotel – Atlanta (EUA)
Sickle Cell Disease in the Amazon and the Challenges of Combating Racism
1Graduate Program in Anthropology - PPGA, 2
Graduate Program in Health, Society and the Environment in Amazonia - PPGSAS.
Federal University of Pará - UFPA, Belém, Pará, Amazonia, Brazil.
Annually in
Brazil over 2,500 individuals are born with sickle cell disease (SCD) (Hb*SS). Many will face pain crises,
splenomegaly, leg ulcers, and other debilitating symptoms during their lives.
Additionally, thousands will suffer socially and physically because of racism,
including from workers in the health services. In the state of Pará, in the
Amazon, it is estimated that 1% of the population has SCD. In this study, 45
people with SCD from the main hematology center were interviewed about their
biological and social experiences with the disease and discrimination. Among
the participants the frequency of "brown" and "black"
self-declaration is 82%. Low formal education and low income are prevalent
among these individuals (72% and 46%, respectively). Sixty-two percent
indicated that they have faced racism because of their genetic condition and
phenotypic traits. They have been called, for example, "yellow" and
"vampire," and accused that SCD "comes from the black".
This bias strongly impacts their biosocial conditions, inhibiting the frequency
of treatment due to low self-esteem, affecting their reproductive rights,
causing emotional illnesses, with drawal from school, and unemployment. SCD
prejudice is a challenge for the health services, but it is not perceived by
many government officials as a public health problem because of the myth that
"racism does not exist in Brazil." Discrimination in the health-care
system must be faced in the country, and adequate public policies and
continuing education programs to eliminate the segregation of individuals with
SCD and other so called "ethnic" or "racial" diseases must
be implemented urgently.
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| A doutoranda Ariana Kelly L S da Silva durante exposição do pôster e posando com alguns dos visitantes que dialogaram/questionaram sobre o tema. HBA 2016, dia 13/04/2016 (Fotos: Ligia Filgueiras e participantes da HBA). |
Ligia Filgueiras abordou o tema "The Nutritional Status of Children from Two Riverine Populations of the Amazon, Brazil", resumo abaixo:
The
nutritional status of children from two riverine populations of the Amazon,
Brazil
L. A. Filgueiras, H. P. Silva.
The “riverine” people of the
Amazon are considered peasant populations with peculiar adaptive strategies of
subsistence, which in turn make them economic and politically invisible,
especially when the health status of young children is concerned. 154 children
aged 0 to 5 years old (73 girls, 81 boys) from two protected areas in the
Amazon, Brazil were analyzed based on the WHO parameters (Caxiuanã National
Forest, Melgaço, Pará, in 2009, and Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve,
Tefé, Amazonas, in 2010). 24.36% had low weight for height, 91.25% low height
for age, 70.51% low weight for age, and 20.51% low BMI for age, indicating an
energy loss process, possibly due to a durable food shortage state. Especially
the girls are affected since they stay home and perform domestic tasks or take
care of younger children, while boys can go out with older men to hunt or fish.
It is also common to find skin problems, intestinal parasites, respiratory
diseases and great incidence of teeth cavities or loss in such young population
.Even though we can see some progress on house conditions due to the government
program Bolsa Família,
there is still lack of sanitation, water treatment and educational and health
services to these populations, which influence directly in the health of
children, It is urgent to develop public health and educational programs in
order to give greater attention to the health of children from the Amazon so
that future problems related to the nutritional transition are minimized.
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| A Doutoranda Ligia Filgueiras durante exposição de seu pôster e conversas com alguns participantes que faziam perguntas sobre a temática. HBA 2016, 13/04;2016 (Fotos: Ariana da Silva) |
Informações no site: http://www.humbio.org/
O programa completo da HBA 2016 pode ser obtido no link: http://www.humbio.org/sites/default/files/HBA%20Program%20Atlanta%202016_final.pdf
Na AAPA, o trabalho do Doutorando Santiago Wolnei, com Coautoria do Prof. Dr. Hilton P Silva (resumo abaixo), que não puderam comparecer, foi apresentado por Ariana da Silva e Ligia Filgueiras, em local e data a seguir:
Localização: Atlanta, GA
Anfitrião: Frank Williams e John Redmond
Data de início: 13 de abril de 2016
Fim: 16 de abril de 2016
Using Variation of Endocranial
Volume (ECV) to Assess the Place of Dmanisi fossils in the early Homo lineage
Santiago
W. Ferreira Guimarães1, Hilton P Silva1,2
1Graduate Program in Anthropology
- PPGA, 2 Graduate Program in Health, Society
and the Environment in Amazonia – PPGSAS, Federal University of Pará - UFPA,
Belém, Pará, Brazil3
The site of Dmanisi has been
crucial to the hypothesis of a single evolving lineage within the genus Homo. The Dmanisi researchers
consider that that population originated from an Early Pleistocene expansion of H. erectus lineage from Africa, therefore, H. ergaster, Dmanisi, and H. erectus would form a single group. We
evaluated such assumption through the calculation of the endocranial
coefficient of variation (ECV) a measure of relative variability. Data publicly
available about species of the genus Australopithecus, Paranthropus, Homo, including Dmanisi, and Pan were analyzed. ECVs were estimated
first with groups formed by single species and by greater groups formed by the
sum of two or more species. Second, with all data in the dataset ordered by
chronological ranges, independently of species. The time range chosen was 2.0
to 1.5 Ma, and an ECV value of 15.2% was used to distinguish between species.
In general, when groups of all species were structured by type, greater values
of ECV were observed than when they were ordered by time. When data were
grouped by taxon, ECVs were below 15.2%. Data concerning the endocranial volume
of H. habilis sensu lato added to the Dmanisi can be classified
as a single group (ECV = 13.8). However, H.
ergaster specimens
and the Dmanisi samples, and H.
ergaster and H. habilis cannot (CV =16.6% and 16.2%,
respectively), which suggests a multiple lineage hypothesis for early Homo, thus, our findings do
not support the same correlation regarding morphological features presented
previously by the Dmanisi researchers.
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| Sessão de pôster de Santiago Wolnei exposto por Ariana da Silva e Ligia Filgueiras, com visitantes - AAPA 2016 (Fotos: Ariana da Silva e Ligia Filgueiras). |
Informações no site: http://physanth.org/annual-meetings/85th-annual-meeting/
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